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notescape
composing
intermission
teaching

David Patterson
composer and educator
B.A. Washington University, Ph.D. Harvard University, studied with his mother Blanche Nolte, Robert Wykes, Leon Kirchner, Nadia Boulanger, and Olivier Messiaen at the Paris Conservatory. He is Professor of Music at the University of Massachusetts Boston where he served
as Chairman for 15 years.

Life is full of music, from the beating of our
hearts and singing of birds to the harmonizing
of motors and the dancing of time itself.
Music celebrates life.


notescape | composing | intermission | teaching

 

 

 

composing music

composing
intermission
teaching

 

for piano

20 Little Piano Pieces from Around the World

A study of technique for the beginning pianist of any age
and an introduction to music from around the world.
Illustrations by TenBroeck Davison
G. SCHIRMER, Inc.
ISBN 0-7935-9157


“Such responsibly accurate documentation, translation and explanation of these brief musical selections from diverse cultures can broaden the interests of young students in world music. This is an important objective for all of us as we approach the twenth-century. TenBroeck Davison's drawings of a variety of instruments and Ellen Appleby's bouncy cover help illustrate this diversity.”

Loran Olsen continues, “they are enjoyable and should be in any alert teacher's lending library. The pieces should help spur interest and illustrate...the music of our world.” --American Music Teacher


Contents

Qaggi (Canada)

Jug Band (United States)

Shakuhachi (Japan)

Klezmer (Eastern Europe)

Qin (China)

Irish Fiddle (Ireland)

Mbira (Africa)

Siku (South America)

Bells (England)

Sitar and Tambura (India)

Neh minst (United States)

Gamelan (Indonesia)

Dan Bau (Vietnam)

Arpa (Mexico)

Langspil (Iceland)

Ud (Turkey)

Duduk (The Caucasus)

Guitarra (Spain)

Didjeridu (Australia)

Umthuthuzelo (Africa)

DISTRIBUTED BY
HAL LEONARD

to purchase
http://www.musicnotes.com/

 

for orchestra

Strayhorn in Harlem,1941
A Portrait Overture

 

Play a 30-second excerpt  (WAV 1.6 mb)
Play a 30-second excerpt  (Flash 111 kb)


1998 for orchestra (piccolo, flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, 2 trumpets, trombone, tuba, percussion, piano and strings) moderately difficult, 10'.

CD VMM 3047
The Moravian Philharmonic Orchestra
Toshiuki Shimada, conductor.
to order CD worldwide
CDemusic

(click from site to return here)

·         Toshiyuki Shimada and the Portland Symphony Orchestra performed the overture in a concert tribute to Duke Ellington at Merrill Hall, Portland, Maine, May 1 and 2, 1999.


PROGRAM NOTE

The young Billy Strayhorn’s dream of one day joining the Duke Ellington Orchestra came to pass when the “Duke” sent him directions to Harlem. Strayhorn turned those directions into the lyrics of a composition which would become the great bandleader’s theme song-Take the “A” Train. From the very start, a life-long and very special musical relationship blossomed. Today, jazz composer, arranger, lyricist and pianist, Billy Strayhorn (1915-1967) has come into his own for those who know his music, but for many he remains Ellington’s “alter ego,” a description given him by the “Duke” himself.

1941, the year that Take the “A” Train was published, was also the year that Strayhorn wrote one of his most memorable pieces, Chelsea Bridge, composed, he remarked, as he contemplated a painting by Whistler. To Gil Evans, Dizzy Gillespie, Slide Hampton, and other musical contemporaries, this impressionistic miniature has all the features of the “Strayhorn sound”: really classical music with a feeling of darkness.

My portrait of Billy Strayhorn, Strayhorn in Harlem, 1941, was composed especially with his Chelsea Bridge in mind and is a period piece of sorts. I picture the composer sitting at the piano, doodling around with various ideas. He comes upon a little melody that for a while he can’t get out of his head. As his mood shifts, he lets himself get carried along, happily improvising into the early hours of the morning.

 

Hermit’s Blue
A Native American Legend

Play a 30-second excerpt (WAV 6 mb)
Play a 30-second excerpt (Flash 111 Kb)

1991 written for the 20th anniversary of the Belmont Orchestra, Timothy McFarland, Director, with a grant from the Massachusetts Cultural Council. 

For orchestra (flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons in pairs, 2 horns in F, 2 trumpets in B flat, percussion, and strings) intermediate, 5'.

CD VMM 3032 The Moravian Philharmonic Orchestra,
Rubin Silva, conductor.

to order CD worldwide
CDemusic

(click from site to return here)

The Hermit Thrush: A Native American Legend

One evening long ago, the Good Spirit gathered together all the birds to tell them how they could acquire their own songs. The higher they flew, the Spirit told them, the more beautiful their melodies would become.

Thus it was that at sunrise the very next morning the birds took flight. For days they soared, the great birds touching the farthest reaches of the clouds, the smaller ones following close behind until, with blue skies heavy on their wings, they returned to earth, each with a new song.

Finally, the very last bird-an eagle-began its descent. And at that very moment a wee brown thrush who had hidden himself among the noble one's magnificent feathers, opened his own fragile wings to fly up through a hole in the sky and into the Spirit World beyond. There, he heard the most beautiful of melodies which so captivated him that he put it to memory.

Returning at last to earth, the wee brown thrush was received indifferently by all the other birds who had learned, by then, just how this stowaway had come upon such a lovely melody. And when he saw this, he was dreadfully ashamed of what he had done and quickly retreated deep into the heart of the forest, where he would remain, forever hidden.

And so, to this day, it is only when he can no longer contain himself that the Hermit Thrush breaks forth in song. (adapted by TenBroeck Davison)

cheap trills

Cheaper by the Dozen (Pachelbel’s Minute History of Music) 1
A Cheap Imitation (Sonata Facile Made Easy) 3
A Cheaper Imitation (Rachnotmanenough meets Beethoven) 4
The Cheapskaters Waltz (On Thin Ice) 5
Cheap Cheap (Claire de Luneticks) 7
Cheap Date (And Many More) 8
Cheap Shot (?) 9
Cheap Trills (Trauma Awry) 10



PROGRAM NOTE

Cheap Trills pays homage to Victor Borge. Originally for piano solo, the orchestral version is dedicated to Toshiyuki Shimada, Music Director and Conductor of the Portland Symphony Orchestra.

All (almost all) the notes come from the masters. A story goes—a woman seated next to a man on an airplane observed him writing notes down on a piece of paper and asked what he was doing. He said, “composing.” She said, “Oh, I thought all the music had already been composed.”

“The movements have pun-riddled titles . . . the music, mostly juxtaposed quotes from the classics, achieves its aim . . . with vintage Borge tricks . . . it is quite funny.” —Keith Bramich, Music & Vision, London UK.

CD VMM 3052
The Moravian Philharmonic Orchestra,
Toshiuki Shimada, conductor.
to order CD worldwide
CDemusic


the five degrees

iXXXThe glance,
iiXXXThe arms that open wide
iiiXXXto hold the moment and the kiss
ivXXXin time. And then beyond.
vXXXTo glance, to look. Again.

1985 A commission from the late Larry Hill for the Boston Pro Arte Orchestra first performed at the University of Massachusetts Boston.

For strings and piano, intermediate level, 15'

Score at
American Music Center
(click from site to return here)

songs

Saving Daylight Time

 

 

 

New American Songs

Reaching the Beach at Boca Chica
words by TenBroeck Davison

Play a 30-second excerpt (WAV 1.6 mb)
Play a 30-second excerpt (Flash 111 kb)

 

The Victor Dog
words by James Merrill

Play a 30-second excerpt (WAV 1.6 mb)
Play a 30-second excerpt (Flash 111 kb)

 

Dead Battery Blues
words by Lloyd Schwartz

Play a 30-second excerpt (WAV 1.6 mb)
Play a 30-second excerpt (Flash 111 kb)

Poems by TenBroeck Davison, James Merrill, & Lloyd Schwartz.

Valerie Anastasio-soprano, Don Wilkinson-baritone, Mark Earley- harmonica, David Patterson-piano.

Troy 343 Albany Records

available from all the on-line record stores
Amazon, Tower, Every CD, Cd Now, H&B, etc.

 

(click from site to return here)

Saving Daylight Time: Songs from a Texas Border Town.
Poems by TenBroeck Davison. 1995. Dedicated to the City of Brownsville
where Antonio Breseño and Richard Urbis gave the first performance which was supported by a grant from the Mid-America Arts Alliance.

A cycle of 15 songs for voice and piano with treble obbligato, 35'

TenBroeck Davison, great granddaughter of Richard W. Sears, founder of the first mail-order firm, Sears Company, and daughter of Robert TenBroeck Davison, a long-time Brownsville resident, lived and studied on both sides of the Texas border. Her poems, which have been recognized by the Byliners of Corpus christi, evoke images of her adolescent years spent absorbing the flavor of two cultures converging in that southernmost point of the continental US.

 

SAVING DAYLIGHT TIME

At home we lived against decree,
ignoring Daylight Savings hours
that sought to intervene
and rearrange our Texas nights and days,
to make them fit the whole.
My father thought it foolish,
such fiddling with the clock,
said it was “docking time,”
a scheme of some old coot in Washington. And so we dreamed while others woke
and basked in sunlight
while they stumbled in the dark.

 

 

BROWNSVILLE

Barely in Texas, it’s just a
rough border town set
on a river flowing
wider at some bends than at others. Yet
nowhere I’ve laid my head has ever
seemed so right. My already
vanquished heart would have
it be that were such feeling
love, I should be
lost to it for
ever.

 

Last Words. 1987. Poems by James Merrill. Commissioned for An Evening of Words and Music featuring Merrill, poet-in-residence at Washington University, St. Louis. For voice and piano, 14'

According to Helen Vendler, a noted poetry critic and professor at Harvard, James Merrill “did exquisite things with sonnets….beautiful things with the love lyric…was very funny.” Born in 1926, James was the son of Charles Merrill, a founder of the stock brokerage firm, Merrill, Lynch & Company. James Merrill published 14 books of poetry and received the National Book Award and a Pulitzer Prize. He died in 1995.

Country Music
The Victor Dog
The World and the Child
At a Texas Wishing Well
Last Words


“I love your settings--so full of lightness and  intelligence…”--James Merrill

 “The songs, like Merrill‘s writing, showed great variety. David Patterson‘s jingle-jangle version of ‘At a Texas Wishing Well’ would bring a smile to one of the Sons of the Pioneers. His setting of ‘Last Words,’ on the other hand, is lovely, lyrical and poignant.” --St. Louis Post-Dispatch


Dead Battery Blues. 1997. Poem by Lloyd Schwartz. For voice and piano, 7'

Lloyd Schwartz is Frederick S. Troy Professor of English at the University of Massachusetts Boston, Classical Music Editor of The Boston Phoenix, and a regular commentator on NPR’s Fresh Air. He is the author of two books of poems, These People and Goodnight, Gracie. He has won three ASCAP-Deems Taylor Awards for his articles on music and in 1994 was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.

 

from DEAD-BATTERY BLUES

The phone keeps ringing--
Somebody answer the phone!
Don’t you hear it ringing?
Won’t someone please pick up the phone? It just won’t stop ringing.
You know, I think nobody’s home.

 

 instrumental music

Spin 1998 commissioned by The Pappousakis Flute Competition, for flute and harp or piano

 The Pappoutsakis Flute Competition

James Pappoutsakis was for many years a member of the Boston Symphony Orchestra and served on the faculties of the Boston Conservatory, Boston University, New England Conservatory, and Longy School of Music in Cambridge.

The 1999 first prize went to Hyuncheong Park who studied with Andras Adorjan at the Hochschule fur Musik in Munich, Germany, Julius Baker at The Julliard School, and Paula Robison at The New England Conservatory.

Spin for flute & harp or piano. Commissioned for the prestigious Pappoutsakis Flute Competition of Boston, Spin follows an American neo-classical style. This playful piece sets out moderately spinning faster and faster, eventually winding up at break neck speed in a final flourish. At each turn, another image of nature is conjured up from the colorful and sensitive interplay of the flute and harp or piano. Technical difficulty of the piece is around 6 on a scale of 10. Duration 7 minutes

to order score
www.fallshousepress.com



beaver moon

 









For Native American Flute (or flute)
& Percussion (drum, rattle, notched stick, bells)


Beaver Moon is a name given by the Native Americans to November’s full Moon.
Duration 6 ½ minutes.

to order score
JP-Publications
P.O. Box 62458
Colorado Springs, CO 80962-2458
jpflute@aol.com

 

Preludes for String Quartet 1990 commissioned by the New England String Quartet who gave the first performance at Weill Recital Hall, Carnegie Hall, intermediate level, 15'

Billy, Out of a Mist, D Train, Soldier, 23, Sister



“Preludes for Strings Nod at Jazz and Hymns...His six motley preludes derive their inspiration partly from jazz (Billy Strayhorn, Bix Beiderbecke), partly from old hymns. Like many of Chopin’s preludes, they begin with wisps of ideas…” --New York Times 


Score at
American Music Center
(click from site to return here)


choral music

Isle of Hope
SATB chorus and keyboard
duration 4 ½ minutes

for the Ellis Island Medals of Honor Interfaith Prayer ServiceSt. Patrick’s Cathedral, New York City

Ellen B. Hunt
Organist and Music Director,
Pilgrim Congregational Church
Lexington, Massachusetts

 

Melded together in this setting of Emma Lazarus’s well-known text are diverse voices and instrumental sounds of the world—African, Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American and European. Students and teachers will be especially interested in words long a part of our American history set to music expressive of today’s multicultural mood.

For You Shall Go Out With Joy 1997 Isaiah 55:12 commissioned by Jeffrey Rink for the University of Massachusetts Boston Chamber Singers and first performed by them at Cathedral of St. Paul, Boston. SATB with piano or other keyboard instrument, intermediate level, 8'

A five-note scale known from Appalachia to Asia represents the wind. African hand-clapping rhythms imitate trees. A popular Brazilian rhythm, choros, accompanies alleluias.

Score available from the composer

 

We Must Cultivate Our Garden 1983 text from Candide by Voltaire after Genesis 2:15 composed for the inauguration of Michael Dukakis, Governor of Massachusetts, January 6, 1983. Duet and piano or other keyboard instrument, easy 3' 



“… a lasting, lovely reminder of a wonderful occasion.”

--Michael S. Dukakis


Pied Beauty poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins 1979 for five performers, tintinnabula, and recorded sounds, 25'

Score and recorded sounds in Harvard University Archives



“With excellent effect, David Patterson’s ‘Pied Beauty’ unfolded timbral or tonal softness, what sounded like distant moans, laments of seals or wolves, tinkles, birdlike chirping and the like. . . .Its abstractionism proved to be very touching-a sort of séance…” -- San Francisco Examiner

“…at Thursday’s concert under John Adams’ direction at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art… David Patterson’s ‘Pied Beauty’ was altogether fetching.” -- San Francisco Chronicle

“A very interesting attempt to explore, in musical terms, some aspects of Hopkins’ imagery and verbal experimentation.” -- Boston Evening Globe



A complete list of compositions is available from the composer.

notescape | composing | intermission | teaching

Your Name: David Patterson
Date Last Modified: 7/04/07

 

 

intermission

notescape
composing
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notes

02138, our zip code, is a cipher for what great composer and organist/harpsichordist?

You know what I mean,” said the student defending Velveeta as the composer of The Seasons--his answer on a listening quiz. My collegue, Nicholas Tawa, suggested I counter with: Mozzarella, yes. Velveeta, never.

Teddy lived across the street. For some time, he had been observing children coming to my apartment for piano lessons. When he got a little older, 8 years of age, he asked if he could come over for a lesson. After a thunderous round of experimentation all over the keyboard, I thought of a good opening question to ask him: “Which way is up and which way is down on the piano?” He thought for awhile and answered, “The black keys are up and the white are down.”

When I entered Ivan Tcherepnin's apartment and saw John Cage across the living room I exitedly called out his name. Cage said, “Shhh. Don't tell a soul.”

I would see Professor John Huggler on his way from class, I, on my way to class. One day I asked him if he could quickly tell me the difference between classical music and jazz that could help me with my upcoming discussion in an introductory music course. His reponse was not only quick but accurate, insightful. “In classical music the performer strives for a standard or ideal sound, whereas the jazz musician aims to create his or her own individual voice.”

What abbreviated word beginning with capital P and appearing under the lower staff of many piano pieces resembles a dog?

My five-minute piano lesson with Luise Vosgerchian,Walter W. Naumburg Professor of Music, Emerita, Harvard University. Press a key down slowly to get a soft sound, quickly for a loud sound--for many years, I had been striking the key harder and harder.

What a difference her “physics” made! To play fast I should practice a piece at a slow tempo for three months. When playing at full speed for the first few times (maybe more), endurance should be the only serious physical challenge remaining. To play legato, you can use your fingers--no pedal, by momemtarily holding down both the key you are coming from and the key you are going to (overlapping the fingers, so to speak). Practicing became efficient and more fun since I knew what I was doing with my fingers.

  • During a music lesson, a five-year old student looked up at me and exclaimed, “Your eyes are green. Mine are blue which is the color of the sky which is everywhere!”

Monsieur Messiaen” I asked? As if checking to make sure that he was Olivier Messiaen, himself, he replied cheerfully with increasing certainty and widening smile, “Oui, c’est moi !” After introducing myself, he asked what I was doing in Paris. When I told him I had just begun studying with Mlle. Nadia Boulanger he asked, “With that old bag? Is she still alive?”

Arriving late one afternoon to my lesson with Nadia Boulanger at her apartment on the rue Ballou, now rue Lili Boulanger, I was asked to give a reason for not being on time. Speaking truthfully, I told Mademoiselle that Messiaen's analysis class had run late. “You are studying with that old man?”she retorted. “You know, he is not a very nice man.” Sitting at the piano, which is where she always sat during my lessons, Mademoiselle played a progression of ninth chords the way Maurice Ravel beautifully voiced them in his music. Upon repeating the same progression this time with the palms of her hands coming down on the keys so as to produce clusters of sound, she uttered, “And that’s how Messiaen writes his music.”

Dr. Lincoln Spiess again took his place behind the old grand piano to present another lecture to music history students at Washington University, St. Louis. This time he began in an unusually loud voice, “Dammit (pause and decrescendo), William, that is, was an English composer who lived in the Renaissance.”

Thinking about copyright matters in a piece I'd completed, I had a chat with my godson, Stefan Tcherepnin. “I've just written a piece called ‘Cheap Shot’ that's made out of bits and pieces of Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite and ends with a passage from the 1812 Overture. Through these notes one can hear, quite clearly, ‘Happy Birthday.’ Wouldn't that be a copyright question, since the birthday piece was written in the ’30s by the two sisters, Mildred and Patty Hill?” Stefan smiled and said, “No--Well, wouldn't that be a matter for Tchaikovsky to take up?”

Intermission is over. . .

. . . but first, special thanks to Robert Risse (UMB), Mark Rosenstein, Jay Laird (ActWin Productions), & Teni.

 

 

notescape | composing | intermission | teaching

 

 

teaching music

notescape
composing
intermission
teaching

former students

Higgins prize

a lecture

David Patterson, recipient of a Fulbright Senior Scholar Award in Teaching and the Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award, University of Massachusetts Boston.

UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON
MUSIC DEPARTMENT

 (click from site to return here)

former students

Eric Conn apprenticed at Sheffield Labs in Santa Barbara. Audio Media describes him as “a Nashville-based mastering engineer thriving” at his aptly named facility: Independent Mastering.

Richard Connette, composer and performer, grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and New York State Council on the Arts, recipient of the Bessie New York Dance and Performance Award. Last Forever: Old and New Songs Out of America was released on Nonesuch.

Alexandra DuBois has been awarded the Dean’s Undergraduate Composition Prize at Indiana University and named as the recipient of the first commission offered through the Kronos: Under 30 Project—a collaboration of the Kronos Quartet, Dartmouth College, and the American Music Center.

Mark Governor, composer, honored at the Sundance Film Festival for his score to Notes From Underground and subject of an Emmy-award winning PBS documentary about the creation of his dance work, Piece By Piece. Receipient of the Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Massachusetts Boston.

Robert Kraft composed theme music for ABC’s Wide World of Sports, music for the daytime serial Days of Our Lives, and scored Seven Minutes in Heaven, a feature film whose executive producer was Francis Coppola.

David Kravitz, tenor at Emmanual Music in Boston where he was Pilate in the 1725 version of Bach’s St. John Passion.

Miguel Picker, composer/musician and video editor at WGBH in Boston where his credits include a 52-part national series for PBS entitled Destinos. He has composed music for Simon and Schuster’s bilingual children's project Español en Vivo and created a story with music for the Boston Ballet City Dance Program Don Gato.

Leslie Saunders, composer/arranger who has spent time in Nigeria and Ghana, West Africa collecting traditional music for two volumes of adaptations for piano solo.

Alicia Witt, winner of the Bartok-Kabalevsky International Piano Competition, played Zooey on the TV’s Cybill show, and appeared as a pianist in the serial, Twin Peaks, and such feature films as Liebestraum.


Joan G. Higgins Prize in the Arts at the University of Massachusetts Boston

The Joan G. Higgins Prize in the Arts remembers the late New York painter and garden designer who also worked at her summer home on Nantucket Island and celebrates her love of all the arts evident throughout her life. Established by her niece TenBroeck Davison ’82 and Professor David Patterson of the Music Department, the prize is intended to assist a student in bringing to completion an unusual artistic endeavor or in fostering a promising career in composition or performance.


Recipients

Leslie Saunders, composer/arranger, who has spent time in Nigeria and Ghana, West Africa collecting traditional music for two volumes of adaptations for piano solo.

Daniel Barrett, recording artist and producer who can be seen in a Peter, Paul and Mary video, "Lifelines" and as a member of the Mary Chapin-Carpenter Band, Morphine, Ani Difranco and The Indigo Girls Band, Steve Earle Band, Aimee Mann Band, Paula Cole Band, The Gil Evans Orchestra, Patty Griffin Band, and the Story.

Christina E. DeVaughn, soprano affiliated with the Concord Baptist Church of Roxbury who performed in the acclaimed Black Nativity and reached the final round of the 2000 National Association of Teachers of Singing regional competition.

Olga Mayorska, graduate of Kharkiv College of Music, Ukraine, Russia, and an honor student, tutor in music and jury prizewinner for outstanding piano performance at the University of Massachusetts Boston.

a lecture

CLARA SCHUMANN
German (1819-1896)
“The Very Air I Breathe”

Wonder Child
From the day his daughter was born, one of the most innovative and demanding piano teachers in Europe was, like so many ambitious fathers of the time, obsessed with turning the child into a rich and famous virtuoso. Tending to every detail of her burgeoning career, Friedrich Wieck arranged the girl’s official debut at age eleven in the Leipzig Gewandhaus. Around the same time, he selected several piano compositions of hers-Four Polonaises (1830)-to become her official Opus 1.

She was “not just any wonder child, but, more, a child and already a wonder,” reported Eduard Hanslick the music critic. The “wunderkind” Clara Wieck was the most talked about prodigy in Europe since Mozart and the fancy of the aristocracy in whose courts she performed. At fourteen she began composing a “concert piece” that evolved into a concerto for piano and orchestra. The work was unusually shaped. It had no pauses between movements, and the final movement-the original “concert piece”-lasted as long as the first two combined. The Piano Concerto, opus 7 (1835) with surprising turns, robust flourishes, and romantic moments, premiered at the Gewandhaus with the sixteen-year-old composer at the piano and Felix Mendelssohn on the podium. “You ask,” she later would write to Robert Schumann, “if I always play it by my own wish-certainly I do, for it has been well received everywhere and has given satisfaction to connoisseurs and to the public in general. Whether or not it satisfies me is another question.”

Dedicated to Him
I was thinking about you continually throughout its creation,” Clara Wieck, away on tour in Paris, wrote to her fiance-the “monsieur R. Schumann” to whom she had dedicated her new composition-of “the little melancholy romance” that was the second of her Trois Romances pour le piano-Three Romances for the Piano, Opus 11 (1839). The dedicatee replied to the composer, “In your Romance I can hear again that we are destined to be man and wife.”

In September 1840, the popular German concert pianist, Clara Wieck, married the respected German music critic and all-but -unknown composer, Robert Schumann. If her concertizing was somewhat curtailed by her responsibilities as the wife of eight children (one of whom died in infancy), her composing was restricted. “I am often disturbed to think how many profound ideas are lost because she cannot work them out. But Clara herself knows her main occupation is as a mother, and I believe she is happy in the circumstances and would not want them changed,” Robert recorded in the marriage diary. He did not share with Clara the ambivalence she felt over composition. The same year she had composed Three Romances she had confided in her diary, “I once believed that I had creative talent, but I have given up this idea; a woman must not wish to compose-there never was one able to do it. Am I intended to be the one? It would be arrogant to believe that. . . . ”

Clara Schumann autographed Variations on a Theme of Robert Schumann, Opus 20 (1853) with the words “dedicated to him.” The eight variations never obscure the F-sharp minor “theme”--his piano miniature, Bunte Blatter No. 4, quoted note for note. Clara’s new piece inspires Johannes Brahms, the Schumanns’ close friend, to compose his own set of variations. “On a theme by him” and “dedicated to her” adorn page one of his manuscript.

With the death of her husband Clara Schumann returned to performance full time, greatly expanding her concert schedule. She became a crusader for the works of Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms and the voice of Robert Schumann, presenting more and more of his compositions in her programs. In August 1873, at Bonn for the Schumann Festival, she was honored by her public. “A hundred hands pressed mine, all eyes turned to me, joy shone on every face. They may have felt what was passing in my heart as I was overwhelmed with marks of affection. . . . To my surprise I found myself the center of the festival,” she recorded in the diary. Schumann was greeted with a flourish of trumpets as she entered the hall for rehearsal. After a performance, there was another flourish, and no less than a hundred and fifty bouquets of flowers came flying towards her.

Always dressed in black, Clara Schumann played with her head bent over the keyboard. She was one of the first to perform the masters from memory, to the annoyance of musical conservatives who thought it pretentious of her not to rely on the score. With patience and insight, she cultivated in the emerging middle-class audience a taste for difficult music, and elevated the concert from a mere variety show to the shorter, modern solo recital.

Acclaimed unequivocally as a preeminent pianist of the Romantic era, Clara Schumann concertized in England, Holland, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, France, Austria, Hungary, and Russia, rarely receiving an unfavorable review, and was financially successful in spite of the high musical demands she placed on her audiences. Every particular of the hectic concert schedule was managed single-handedly by the pianist herself. Underestimating her stamina and determination, Brahms ruffled Schumann when he urged her to stop concertizing. “You regard it only as a way to earn money,” she asserted. “I do not. I feel a calling to reproduce great works, above all, also those of Robert, as long as I have the strength to do so. . . . The practice of art is, after all, a great part of my inner self. To me, it is the very air I breathe.”


The Clara Schumann article is co-authored with Robert V. Guarente, author and musician. It is an excerpt from a larger work. His contribution to this article is recognized here with a sincere apology for this late recognition. 7/04/07



R
EFERENCES

Chissell, Joan. Clara Schumann. A Dedicated Spirit. New York, NY: Taplinger Publishing Co., Inc., 1983.

Litzmann, Berthold. Trans. by Grace Harlow. Clara Schumann. An Artist's Life, Vol. I & II. New York, NY: Da Capo Press, 1979.

May, Florence. The Girldhood of Clara Schumann. London: Edward Arnold, 1912.

Reich, Nancy B. Clara Schumann: The Artist and Woman. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.